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Freedom is what you do with what's been done to you

I decided to reread Sartre's autobiographical Roads to Freedom trilogy (the novel sequence that Monty Python famously established was an allegory of man's search for commitment) yesterday and discovered that I had foolishly lent my copy some years ago. Why is that some people don't return books? Do they think they are disposable commodities, to be read once and discarded? Can we devise some suitable purgatory for these social deviants? Sorry, tirade over. A new set will arrive from Amazon tomorrow by which time I will be in the air to Atlanta but they will await my return. Oh a second tirade/plea at/to anyone in the BBC, why is the classic 1970s serialisation staring Michael Bryant not available from the BBC shop on DVD?

One of the reasons for wanting to reread them was the realisation that one of the central themes of existentialism, the precedence of existence over essence, has importance for understanding complexity in human systems, including social computing. The quote from Sartre which heads this post also makes a critical point about having to play with the cards you are dealt. This post explores this connection (hopefully in common sense language) and comes to the conclusion that we are the means by which we create meaning in the world to which we belong and must remain engaged.

So why do I make the connection? Well:

  1. From complexity theory we get two important insights: Firstly complex systems are highly sensitive to small changes in initial conditions and secondly the agents are both constrained by and in turn constrain the system of which they are a part.
  2. From existentialism we get the concept that we make choices, and we have to take responsibility for those choices. We become by being, by enacting in the world and also, in Sartre's later thinking as he took a more humanistic approach some of those choices can be right or wrong.
Linked to this is that some of the best (in my opinion) expressions of existentialism are to be found in literature. In addition to Roads to Freedom, think of Camus's Plague, Dostoevsky's Notes from the Underground and Crime and Punishment or Kafka's The Metamorphosis and The Trial. Alienation, the struggle with the absurd and responsibility for choices are all best illustrated through the unfolding stories of those classic novels. As meaning evolves in a complex system, so we understand the choices and consequences of choices through our interaction with the characters and the situations.

If we look at the unfolding aspect of our interlinkings with the networked world then we can see aspects of both of these summaries. A single blog, if picked up and amplified can accelerate to constrain the press. Equally we fit within cultural norms. We are constrained by, and in terms constrain the system. We can also make choices, I have never bought strict determinism. When we decide to take a job, leave a job, say something in the goldfish bowl of the blogosphere we make choices. One of the values of the network is that we cannot hide behind anonymity or a closed community (my one reference to Jerry this morning), what we do is visible and influential even in small ways.

Given that system constraints, when they happen result from a rapid coalescence within a complex system (often catastrophic) as something passes a tipping point (think of Apple Mac against the IBM PC, Betamax against Videotext and others for technology adoption) we will never have the luxury of much reflection. The world continues to unfold and multiple actions/choices influence that path. The system does not stand still. This is one of the key insights of the Clue Train Manifesto: things just happen faster, our choices are more rather than less important and we have no excuse as to the availability of information or knowledge of consequences.

From a personal point of view the earlier referenced link to literature is ironic. Many years ago now, when I was student representative to the Philosophy Faculty at Lancaster University, I proposed that we should have a course on Existentialism, Professor Sibley looked at me with distain and said: If you want to study European Literature then you need to change departments. This was the height of the analytic period and Sibley and I were already in dispute over the nature of aesthetics. I wanted to discuss concepts such as beauty, truth and the like. Sibley wanted to discuss what it meant when a critic said something was beautiful by analyzing the text of their criticism. We had a troubled relationship. One of the other major debates in the 70's was the separation of politics and religion, many of us argued then that separating the two (generally used as a means of avoiding responsibility of the slums of Rio, the Vietnam war or Apartheid) was not possible, as to do so was to make a choice. In an evolving, unfolding landscape you can not stand aside and claim not to avoid responsibility; a sin of omission is not less serious than one of commission. We are the means by which we create meaning, our choices (or lack of choice) are a part of the unfolding pattern of the world in which we live and we need to take responsibility for them, that way lies freedom.

For Kierkegaard, who can probably be considered the founder of existentialism (although I would trace elements back to Aquinas and even Socrates) the nature and consequences of this freedom lead to dread. For Marcel Gabriel this realisation was characterised by a need for mutual fidelity and hope. I think the connectivity of which we are all a part should, hopefully (sic) bring us closer to Gabriel than to Kierkegaard. Marcel's fear of the annihilation of a sense of human mystery by a focus on technology and problems/solutions should also be a warning to us.

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Comments (4)

Hi -- Thanks. Good post. Good context for the raging illegal immigration debate in the USA. The vote is tomorrow... It is a crap bill and I hope it doesn't pass. With the recent Gallup Poll returning a 14% approval rating for the Democratic Congress, the lowest -ever- in >200yrs of history, even lower that approval of the Executive Branch, who knows?

Anyway, concerning the book loaning, you may wish to try --

http://www.bookcrossing.com/

It won't help correct deliberately bad behavior, but it might give you a warm feeling.

Cheers,

-j

P.S. It was Betamax vs VHS (not videotext).

Regarding books: as a coincidence, I just read http://schwitzsplinters.blogspot.com/2007/01/still-more-data-on-theft-of-ethics.html (via MindHacks). So your books disappear just because (not despite).

On a more serious note: I do like some aspects of existentialism - like the ones you selected. I also like Alchemy. Are you using the alchemistic aproach? When you use "existentialism" to talk about freedom, responsibility, and engagement, you deter the non-initiated, in particular those living in an area surrounded by Ireland, Mexico, Canada, and Japan.
This might be on purpose?

Alan Byrne:

There seems to me to be an inconsistancy between Sartre's existentialism and complexity theory. My understanding is that complex adaptive systems involves many agents interacting together - I would argue co-operatively. Co-operative interaction is better known as relationhship. Sartre stated that 'L'enfer, c'est les autres' Hell is other people'. Doesn't bode well for relationships. Anyway how free are any of us to choose the life we lead - perhaps only if we are free of relationships.

Andy:

Inconsistency or incompleteness. Hell is other people and co-operation is possible only with the presence of the other? What this points to is the simultaneously constraining and enabling nature of "relationship". Free to choose and at the same time not free of the consequences of the choices and certainly not in control of them.

I think it is exactly this that makes life worth living - Certainly keeps me on my toes!

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